Differences between females and males

What statistical differences, in body and behavior, does science predict we might observe between females and males of the same species? It's not a safe topic for casual conversation, but it's one that I think is interesting. I'll consider whether it's plausible that such differences might exist, and if so, why. I'll try to keep …

The “guess what number I’m thinking of” problem

This post is, to some extent, a follow-up to my post on the two envelopes problem. As before, you're the subject of an experiment. Your adversaries, who I'll call "Team E", present you with two envelopes, each containing a slip of paper with a different number written on it. The numbers could be any (Real) …

ARC/PAK’s “Distilled” compression scheme

PAK is an old file compression and archiving program for DOS, developed by NoGate Consulting. (Search the web for "pak251.exe".) It has a number of features, which include some extensions to ARC format. One such ARC extension is compression method #11, named "Distilled". It was introduced in PAK v2.0, released in July 1989. Unlike my …

ARC’s “Trimmed” compression scheme

ARC is a file compression and archiving utility that was in use from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, mainly on DOS computers. It was developed by a small company named System Enhancement Associates. The last major version of ARC was 7.x, first released in late 1989 or early 1990. In v7, ARC became part …

Win32 I/O character encoding supplement 2 – setlocale enhancement

This is part of a series of post on using Unicode in Windows command-line applications. Here's the first post. Sometime in 2018, some functions in the Windows 10 C runtime system, and related development SDKs, were enhanced to support UTF-8. This feature is enabled by calling the setlocale function. For reference, Microsoft's current documentation of …

The Two Envelopes problem

You are the subject of an experiment. You are presented with two closed envelopes, prepared by a group of people I'll call Team E. One of the envelopes contains twice as much money as the other, but you don't know the actual dollar amounts. You must choose one envelope (at random -- there's no other …

Making an uncompressed JPEG 2000 file

Challenge: Construct a JPEG 2000 image file that isn't compressed. Also, try to do it without spending any money. Overview The flagship feature of the JPEG 2000 suite of graphics formats is the wavelet-based "JPEG 2000 codestream" compression format. This challenge is not to figure out how to make a degenerate form of that format …

Yes, pi is wrong. Sorry about that.

Which is the more fundamental constant: π or 2π? As pi day approaches, I think it's important for everyone to state their thoughts on this contentious matter. Here are the main options: π is more fundamental. (the establishment position)2π is more fundamental. (the progressive position)They're about equally fundamental. (the "both sides" position)Any rational multiple of …

When a world needs a hero

The other day, I was browsing some scans of 30-year-old issues of InfoWorld magazine. As one does. And I happened upon one of the very first advertisements for Norton AntiVirus: What a different world it was back then! The ad is from the inside front cover of the March 11, 1991 issue: Internet Archive linkGoogle …

Formulas for “drop”

This post was inspired by me having watched too many flat Earth debunking videos on YouTube. It's my second such post, though I didn't advertise that fact in my first one: How fast does the Sun move? While I'm pretty sure the Earth isn't flat, I sometimes wish the debunkers -- the round Earthers -- …